The Professional School Darmstadt 1947-48
Questions and Searches, Archives

1. What educational material, Betar ideology, Hebrew books or any other were available and who supplied them?

2. How were the student recruited? Friends? Which DP camps? What was the criteria for choosing the students? Did they belong to Betar before joining the school? What was the percentage of Betar members or did they have no idea about Betar and were educated later? What were their ideals? Where the students all single? How many men and women? What were the stages of recruiting? How many students at the beginning?

3. How many did leave or join later? Why did they leave like the Altkorn?

4. What were the political frictions in the student group?

5. What included the Betar education? When did they wear uniforms? Where did they get the uniforms from? Did you do all the Betar education or did some others come to assist you? Did my father do any teaching?

6. The kibbutz lived in a disabled hospital building, which , where?

7. Where did the German teachers come from? Who recruited them and who paid them?

8. What where the activities outside the school? Holidays? Sport Events? Jewish Community?

9. What ceremonies were held throughout the scholl year?

10. Who invited Aaron Propes and who organized the whole opening ceremony?
    Who paid for the festivity at the Hotel POST? How did the ceremony proceed?
    a. Misdar Betar – Milek, Propes, Oberst Rose greet the students? Did they talk to the students?
    b. Speeches – Milek, Aaron, Rose, his secretary  and who else?
    c. Cutting of the robe
    d. Hotel Post

11. Problem with idea of Etzel (pre-state paramilitary Etzel (an acronym for Irgun Zvai Leumi, or National Military Organization)? What were the idealistic problems with Chejrut, Betar, Etzel? Address of Etzel in Munich?

12. Aliya to Israel
    a. How were the students recruited?
    b.  Who wrote to Milek to send the students to Israel?
    c.  How long did the process take?
    d.  Did all students except Milek leave? Altkorn, Rejchman?,
    e. where did they get the papers from to leave
    f.  How did they leave? Did you leave with them?
    f.1  Train
    f.2  Boat
    f.3  Arrival in Israel
    f.4 Recruited to which units in the Army? Zahal or what was it then?
    f.5 Who paid for the trip.
    f.6 Did you get pocket money?
    Moshe left beginning of May 1948 from Darmstadt through Marseille? He was on the Greek ship “Tep)” with 350-400 people. He was in the Etzel. Gdud 54 Giv’ati – Shlulei Shimon(?)

13. What happened to the machinery at the school. I understand that it was shipped to Israel and my father never received any compensation? With whom did he have a correspondence regarding the machinery?

14. The names of the students.
    What happened to all the students?
    a. Survived
    b. Killed in the War
    c Died later?
    d. Left for Germany or other countries?

15. Did Moshe know that there was a meeting of the German Betar members in Tel Aviv in 1953?

16. Did Moshe write to Milek from Israel?

17.  When did Moshe meet Milek the first time again after leaving for Israel?

18. Which place did Moshe visit with Milek and hold speeches?
    a. Eschwege
    b. Zeilsheim
    c. Hessen Lichtenau

19. Did Moshe know the students at the University?
    Fraenkel, Schmetterling, see the whole list.

20. Did Moshe know the Ehrlich brothers? One was working for the Amer. Military Gov’t – Son says that he worked with Kissinger?

21. Food at the school
    a. where did they get the food from?
    b. where there food stamps?
    c. was there personal expense money?
    d. who cooked?
    e. who and where were the farmers that exchanged the food with my mother?
    f. when did they open a food market and who gave them permission?
    g. Did you get food packages from the US? Or others? What was in the packages

22. Clothing? From where?

23. Who is Kolach or Kolbar

24. Who were the two students that had to leave the school because of their militant stands. Did they act against the will of Samuel. Where did they go?

25. Addresses of Betar Munich   9/6/46
    Juedische Organizations – Betar, Maria Theresenstr. 9 Munich
    Also at the same address of the Zionist Organization Central Office.
    and
    Parteizentrale der Juedischen Revisionistischen
    Partei  Sitz in der Maria-Theresia St. Nr. 9 

26. Get KGB Files  from Archives in PERM and travel permit.

27. Find registration papers in Saratov. Also for mother who studied at the University

28. Mother studied at TU Darmstadt, 45-47. Not registered in Jewish Student Org.

29. Students Activities in Darmstadt. Contact of Students with Professional School?

30. Betar Munich  Activities in Munich 1945-1949uedische Rundschau  published where?
    Schriftleiter:  Israel Blumfeld
    Herausgeber: Oskar Berger

31. Unsere Welt
    Redaktor:  Eli Blankenfeld?  

32. Search International Tracing Service of Missing Persons  in Bad Arolsen, near Kassel.

33. Military Files in YIVO in NY copies in Berlin

34. Another source that has The Institute fuer Zeitgeschichte in Muenchen.-Akten der Besatzung Armee. They copied the American Military material.They have an extensive website- so it should be no problem to find information.

35. Yad Vashem Files

36. Jabotinsky Archives in Tel Aviv
    http://www.jabotinsky.org/hebsite/modules/arc_search_results.asp

37. US Holocaust Museum Washington

38. http://www.hadis.hessen.de/scripts/HADIS.DLL/home?SID=B23B-4AE16B6-C1709&PID=4E64

39. Collection: O 61 Kohlmannslehner Staatsarchive, Darmstadt
    Materialsammlung 1945-1998. Benutzung aus rechtl. Gründen bis Ende 2028 eingeschränkt

40. Marianne Viefhaus
    Zivilcourage in der Zeit des Holocaust. writes about Karl Plagge aus Darmstadt. "Ein Gerechter under den Voelkern" 1897-1957. Did he also aid the Jews after the war?

41. DFG-VK Darmstadt. Von Adelung bis Zwangsarbeit. 173 Stichworte zu Millitaer und Nationalismus in Darmstadt. May 2000.

42. Where are Microfilms of DP Zeitungen?

43. Find examples: If you were know as a Nazi in 1945 and had a workshop. Did the city or militarygovernment confiscate the machinery, material, cars and did they give it to other Germans or to Jews?

44. Organizations
    Joint, UNRRA,Organization for Rehabilitation and Training (ORT),Jewish relief agencies ,military government, Dp Camp comittees

45. Mentioned in the Darmstaedter Echo:
    Colonel John C. Rose. Head of the miltary government in Offenbach until Mai 1947 and stationed in Darmstadt until June 1948
    General Lucius D. Clay. Military Govenor January 6, 1947 – May 14, 1949
    (General Joseph T. McNarney (not mentioned) but previous Military Govenor November 26, 1945 – January 5, 1947

46. Aaron Propes, Head of the Betar in the US, I searched at the Jabotinski archives the travel papers of Aaron Propes and did not find anything about a trip or presence in Germany during this period

47. Regierungspresident Dr. Bergstraesser, diary has relevant information

48. Oberschulrat Bechtolsheimer, need to search for information about 1947-48.

49. Director(?) Colonel Newman

50. http://www.etzel.org.il/english/index.html
    The fact that Jabotinsky himself had joined the National Defence encouraged Betar members to follow suit, thus swelling the organization's numbers. In the "History of the Haganah" .
    The organizationwas dissolved with the becoming of the State of Israel. There was a struggle, of the Etzel and Betart. Maybe that was the problem in the school towards the end. Since Etzel and other organizations wanted to recruit their members and did not want the Betar active members??

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